Is this true? Regarding export-based economics, and consumer-based?
China's economy is growing very fast right now. They're primarily an export-based economy, based on foreign investment. The money China makes goes to build infrastructure. I've noticed South Korea and Japan did the same thing, they relied on exporting based on foreign investment to modernize there country. I have a question though, Is it possible to modernize without being such a heavy manufacturing exporter? So just modernize to a consumer-based economy
Economics - 3 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
no, it is not possible. Consumer-based economy requires infrastructure, and that requires many years of investment. Also, consumer-based economies require values and attitudes that are developed during the manufacturing stage.
2 :
Not clear. You do have to export something in order to buy what you need from the outside world, but what and just how much has been debated. In the case of Japan, it has had to import all of its energy (coal, oil, and natural gas) so it will always have to export more than a country that produces most of its own energy (the U.S. and China) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html On the other hand, Japan did not have all that much foreign investment. Their investment was taken out of domestic savings. There was an attempt to replace reliance on exports with "import substitution" as an explicit development policy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization Some argued that it worked; others that it failed; others that it was never really tried. Just to complicate matters, many actions can be taken to be either export oriented or domestic oriented. For example, building railroads and other infrastructure makes sense in both contexts; ditto for investing in education; etc. Also, there is no reason one can't follow both paths in parallel. In particular, even the export-oriented countries started out by stressing domestic agriculture reform http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform#1978-84 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/3/48/35543482.pdf This raised both yields and productivity, making more food available (raising living standards, GDP, etc.) and more people to work outside agriculture. (Note that this was true of England too, starting before the industrial revolution: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution ) Neither China nor Japan export food, but it has been argued that if it were not for the agricultural subsidies of the the developed world, sub-Saharan farmers would have a comparative advantage in wheat and some other foodstuffs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_subsidy#Global_food_prices_and_international_trade http://www.fpif.org/reports/us_foreign_agricultural_policy Exporting foodstuffs would allow local investment to support both exports and modernization without heavy manufacturing. This has already started happening with speciality foods - fresh fruits and vegetables - and flowers for the European markets. http://www.euroasiaindustry.com/page/151/Balancing-the-Cost-of-Food-Miles http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8631439.stm http://allafrica.com/stories/200705080559.html and has always been the case with plantation agriculture: tea, coffee, cocoa, and rubber which the developed countries don't compete with because they can't. Still, eventually, every country is going to need a significant manufacturing sector. Even the U.S., which the world thinks of as an importer of manufactured goods and a service economy, is still the world's largest manufacturer (though only #3 in manufactured exports) at 22% of its $14 trillion GDP And unless local production is competitive with world production, good and cheap enough to export, it will be drain on the local economy. So overall, I think the question isn't binary but only one of stress and short-term tactics. And heavily dependent on the size and natural resources of the country. (Import substitution makes far more sense for a country like Brazil then it does for a country like Haiti; though both could export food, Brazil has more than 10 times Haiti's domestic market.)
3 :
Export oriented policy was developed in Japan. And you are correct that many countries in Asia, including South Korea, the NICs, ASEAN and China have pursued this policy. On the contrary, many countries in South America have pursued import substitution policy or consumer-based economy. And that was not so successful. Foreign reserve derived from export oriented policy can increase economic stability and exchange rate. And it is a drive to build infrastructure for exporting zone and open the country for foreign investment. Moreover, foreign reserve can be used to invest in foreign countries to secure law materials and market for export products. China has the biggest foreign reserve in the world and has pursued investments in many countries such as in Africa for oil. It is the largest investor in Myanmar. Now it is very active to invest in ASEAN, including rubber plantation, paper, cars and bullet train. It's called this kind of development pattern "a flying geese" based on Japanese economist.
Sunday, October 28, 2012
Sunday, October 14, 2012
Question(s) for Koreans, or Korean-Americans regarding racism?
Question(s) for Koreans, or Korean-Americans regarding racism?
Over the past few months, I have become very interested in the culture of South Korea. I'm even making plans to save money for a trip there, just to learn about the culture and interact with the people living there as much as possible. So, I have to ask: I've read a lot, recently, about racism in Korea. Apparently, Koreans avoid foreigners. One article I read even said that, if a Korean is forced to work with a foreigner, he will view the foreigner as more of a "tool" than a co-worker. While I am slightly disappointed about this, I don't think racism is something that you can blame someone for. But, I'm wondering how much harder it will be for me to interact with Koreans. Can any Koreans or Korean-Americans provide me with some insight on the subject, and perhaps explain it a little? Or, if any "foreigners" have visited Korea, could you tell me about your experiences? -- On a somewhat related note, how do Koreans feel about homosexuality? Specifically, how would the average Korean react if I told them that I'm homosexual? I'm a little worried about that, as well.
Other - Cultures & Groups - 1 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
I'm not Korean but racism exist pretty much anywhere, heck I heard that the Japanese are often times racist against Koreans. In Japan they say that no one discriminates against you but that if you do not respect the culture people do get offended. I think things are the same in Korea where you won't get bothered for traveling their but they may dislike you if you don't respect their traditions. I would think it best you don't tell anyone you are homosexual in Korea but you could always check out Korean gay hang outs.
Over the past few months, I have become very interested in the culture of South Korea. I'm even making plans to save money for a trip there, just to learn about the culture and interact with the people living there as much as possible. So, I have to ask: I've read a lot, recently, about racism in Korea. Apparently, Koreans avoid foreigners. One article I read even said that, if a Korean is forced to work with a foreigner, he will view the foreigner as more of a "tool" than a co-worker. While I am slightly disappointed about this, I don't think racism is something that you can blame someone for. But, I'm wondering how much harder it will be for me to interact with Koreans. Can any Koreans or Korean-Americans provide me with some insight on the subject, and perhaps explain it a little? Or, if any "foreigners" have visited Korea, could you tell me about your experiences? -- On a somewhat related note, how do Koreans feel about homosexuality? Specifically, how would the average Korean react if I told them that I'm homosexual? I'm a little worried about that, as well.
Other - Cultures & Groups - 1 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
I'm not Korean but racism exist pretty much anywhere, heck I heard that the Japanese are often times racist against Koreans. In Japan they say that no one discriminates against you but that if you do not respect the culture people do get offended. I think things are the same in Korea where you won't get bothered for traveling their but they may dislike you if you don't respect their traditions. I would think it best you don't tell anyone you are homosexual in Korea but you could always check out Korean gay hang outs.
Sunday, October 7, 2012
thoughts on communism vs capitalism?
thoughts on communism vs capitalism?
I personally believe that communism is the best government. Many communism countries failed during the cold war because of the idiotic leaders at that time. During stalin's rule, he adopted communism and boosted the economy production of the country by 300% with the 5 year plan. 3 times within 5 years! The growth of the economy during that time was phenomenal. Poor starving farmers suddenly became as rich as a middle class white-collar worker and the economy skyrocketed. Within 40 years, the USSR suddenly became a leading superpower with the most production, economy, and military force the world has even seen. However, after Stalin's death, a corrupt leader took his place and declared many wars against asia which cost more than the country can afford. To add insult to the injury, he build a unfeasible space projects and adopted a ridiculous and impractical 5 year plan, unlike what Stalin did, that bankrupted the country. If someone as smart and clever as Stalin took his place instead, Russia's science, production, economy, healthcare, and education would far exceed the US, China, and japan combined. Infact, many professionals predict that if North korea unites with south korea, their economy and production would exceed the US due to their planned economy and centralized workforce. Additionally, N. korea has many resources but somewhat limited economy due to their massive military and corrupt leader, Kim jong ill. If the koreans decides to unite the country, we will see a new superpower that exceeds the US, China and japan. Additionally, they should pay the workers if they have complete the requirements that the government assigned. Not paying them for slacking off. For example, they should make a rule that says each farmers must collect and give 20 kg of wheat to the government within a months, otherwise they’re pay will be cut by 60%. This way, communist will not slack off and everyone will be truly equal. I believe that this is the way the world should be. On the other hand, capitalism makes people do terrible things like exploting others, destroying nature, slowing technological progress and many more negative things because of their greed. The rich will use their money to make poor people work for them for almost nothing which makes them gain profit. If communism is adopted world wide, I believe that the world will be a much better place. There will be no starvation, economy will sky rocket due to the poor gaining the ability to be able to purchase stuff. The rich will remain rich and the poor will gain more wealth. This way, we will achieve world peace and everyone will be happy. Technological progress will increase exponentially, economy and production will skyrocket and education and health will be a lot better. May communism rule once again.
Polls & Surveys - 6 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
Ahh yes !! yes ! YOUR A GENIUS
2 :
true communism is a lark. happiness is not achieved once everyone has the exact same amount of everything. on the other hand I am for gov't funded science, a well regulated economy,and universal healthcare and education.
3 :
Communism is stupid because we need social classes so I can remember who I'm better than. :D
4 :
Settle down sir, settle down.
5 :
I agree with you that communism is the better system but like capitalism it is subject to the greed of the decision makers.Theoretically Communism is ideal but practically difficult to administer.However Capitalism has collapsed but governments are trying to cover it over by borrowing to survive.Of course that can't continue for long as everyone knows
6 :
I like China's kind of communism. You know, it has a communist government yet in some cases allowed people to enjoy a lot of things. It totally controls and stabilized the country from severe wars or something like that. If China is not a communist country, let's just say it's a democratic country, I'm afraid that China will not become a leading power if it happened like that because people are given too much freedom and it may happen to rip apart some of China's territory. Communism as government is good. But I don't agree with total communism like what North Korea does. I prefer communist government that gives people freedom and yet they still have the power to stabilize the situation somehow.
I personally believe that communism is the best government. Many communism countries failed during the cold war because of the idiotic leaders at that time. During stalin's rule, he adopted communism and boosted the economy production of the country by 300% with the 5 year plan. 3 times within 5 years! The growth of the economy during that time was phenomenal. Poor starving farmers suddenly became as rich as a middle class white-collar worker and the economy skyrocketed. Within 40 years, the USSR suddenly became a leading superpower with the most production, economy, and military force the world has even seen. However, after Stalin's death, a corrupt leader took his place and declared many wars against asia which cost more than the country can afford. To add insult to the injury, he build a unfeasible space projects and adopted a ridiculous and impractical 5 year plan, unlike what Stalin did, that bankrupted the country. If someone as smart and clever as Stalin took his place instead, Russia's science, production, economy, healthcare, and education would far exceed the US, China, and japan combined. Infact, many professionals predict that if North korea unites with south korea, their economy and production would exceed the US due to their planned economy and centralized workforce. Additionally, N. korea has many resources but somewhat limited economy due to their massive military and corrupt leader, Kim jong ill. If the koreans decides to unite the country, we will see a new superpower that exceeds the US, China and japan. Additionally, they should pay the workers if they have complete the requirements that the government assigned. Not paying them for slacking off. For example, they should make a rule that says each farmers must collect and give 20 kg of wheat to the government within a months, otherwise they’re pay will be cut by 60%. This way, communist will not slack off and everyone will be truly equal. I believe that this is the way the world should be. On the other hand, capitalism makes people do terrible things like exploting others, destroying nature, slowing technological progress and many more negative things because of their greed. The rich will use their money to make poor people work for them for almost nothing which makes them gain profit. If communism is adopted world wide, I believe that the world will be a much better place. There will be no starvation, economy will sky rocket due to the poor gaining the ability to be able to purchase stuff. The rich will remain rich and the poor will gain more wealth. This way, we will achieve world peace and everyone will be happy. Technological progress will increase exponentially, economy and production will skyrocket and education and health will be a lot better. May communism rule once again.
Polls & Surveys - 6 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
Ahh yes !! yes ! YOUR A GENIUS
2 :
true communism is a lark. happiness is not achieved once everyone has the exact same amount of everything. on the other hand I am for gov't funded science, a well regulated economy,and universal healthcare and education.
3 :
Communism is stupid because we need social classes so I can remember who I'm better than. :D
4 :
Settle down sir, settle down.
5 :
I agree with you that communism is the better system but like capitalism it is subject to the greed of the decision makers.Theoretically Communism is ideal but practically difficult to administer.However Capitalism has collapsed but governments are trying to cover it over by borrowing to survive.Of course that can't continue for long as everyone knows
6 :
I like China's kind of communism. You know, it has a communist government yet in some cases allowed people to enjoy a lot of things. It totally controls and stabilized the country from severe wars or something like that. If China is not a communist country, let's just say it's a democratic country, I'm afraid that China will not become a leading power if it happened like that because people are given too much freedom and it may happen to rip apart some of China's territory. Communism as government is good. But I don't agree with total communism like what North Korea does. I prefer communist government that gives people freedom and yet they still have the power to stabilize the situation somehow.
Monday, October 1, 2012
I read a book when i was in eighth grade but cant seem to remember the title now, can someone please help?!?
I read a book when i was in eighth grade but cant seem to remember the title now, can someone please help?!?
The book was about a North Korean girl trying to flee to south korea with her mother and little brother. Her grandfather had died of sadness after they cut down the tree which he used to meditate under because he was buddist and her mother was catholic. The young girl didnt believe in anything.They used to work in a factory making socks or something but then the factory was dismantled and had nothing else to do and no way of making money to buy food. Her father and brothers were sent off to war and didnt know if they would be coming back. They also lived with their aunt who was later hung in the middle of the town square for trying to flee N. korea. They had to flee because some soldiers were taking away young girls and women which they would sexually assualt and later kill. Its a book that ive been wanting to read again for about 8 years but cant remember the name. I would really appreciate it if someone was able to help me.
Books & Authors - 3 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
It may have been called "The Good Earth" I hope that helps.
2 :
go to the booksleuth forum at abebooks.com the people there are great at answering these kinds of questions!
3 :
Is it the "Year of Impossible Goodbyes" by Sook Nyul Choi? There is a description of it at this link which seems to match your description. eolit.hrw.com/hlla/novelguides/ms/Mini-Guide.Choi.pdf
The book was about a North Korean girl trying to flee to south korea with her mother and little brother. Her grandfather had died of sadness after they cut down the tree which he used to meditate under because he was buddist and her mother was catholic. The young girl didnt believe in anything.They used to work in a factory making socks or something but then the factory was dismantled and had nothing else to do and no way of making money to buy food. Her father and brothers were sent off to war and didnt know if they would be coming back. They also lived with their aunt who was later hung in the middle of the town square for trying to flee N. korea. They had to flee because some soldiers were taking away young girls and women which they would sexually assualt and later kill. Its a book that ive been wanting to read again for about 8 years but cant remember the name. I would really appreciate it if someone was able to help me.
Books & Authors - 3 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
It may have been called "The Good Earth" I hope that helps.
2 :
go to the booksleuth forum at abebooks.com the people there are great at answering these kinds of questions!
3 :
Is it the "Year of Impossible Goodbyes" by Sook Nyul Choi? There is a description of it at this link which seems to match your description. eolit.hrw.com/hlla/novelguides/ms/Mini-Guide.Choi.pdf
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